“Interaction is a way of framing the relationship between people and objects designed for them. ” – 69

Feedback loop – information flows from a system through a person and back through the system again.

Don Norman – Gulf Model / 7 stages of action: Behavior can either start from a goal or be a response to the environment.

Bill Verplank – feel-know-do model

Alan Cooper – persona-goal-scenario design

Types of Systems:

1. Static – those that cannot act, have little or no meaningful effect on the environment

2. Dynamic:

• reactive
• interactive
• linear
• closed-loop: self-regulating, goal-oriented or non-goal oriented
• learning systems: nested 1st self-regulating inside 2nd self-regulating
• 2nd order systems: any higher order system

Douglas Englebart & John Reinfrank : learning may require 3 levels of feedback p72

• basic processes (regulated by 1st order loops)
• processes for improving regulation of basic
• processes for identifying and sharing processes for improving

Cornock & Edmonds

• Static
• dynamic passive
• dynamic interactive
• dynamic interactive (varying)
• matrix

Kenneth Boulding: 9 types of interaction, general systems theory

Characterizing Types of Interaction by System Coupling (73-75)

• reacting (linear-linear)
• regulating (linear- self-regulating)
• learning (linear – learning)
• balancing (self-regulating – self-regulating)
• managing & entertaining (self-regulating – learning)
• conversing (learning – learning)

“it-referenced” – 1st system pokes and directs the 2nd, 2nd does not meaningfully affect the 1st

“I/you referenced” – 1st takes in output of 2nd, 2nd takes in output of 1st.  each system signals the other. room for choice and both systems learn

- a method for comparing our conception of spatial conditions with the designed machine’s conception of the space.

- allows us to challenge the traditional architectural model of production ad consumption that places firm distinctions between designer, client, owner and occupant. – Haque, “A, I, S” p61

“Interaction… concerns an exchange of information between 2 systems… this exchange should be in dome sense circular.” – p58

single-loop interaction: outputs determined by filtering

multiple-loop interaction: new information encourages related interactions in the future

“multiple-loop interaction does not depend upon complexity, it depends upon the openness and continuation of cycles of response.” -p59

from Dubberly, Pangaro and Haque “What is Interaction? Are there Different Types?” Interactions Jan/ Feb 2009

Characterizing Types of Interaction by System Coupling (p73-75)

- Reacting (linear-linear)

- Regulating (linear – self-regulating)

- Learning (linear – learning)

- Balancing (self-regulating – self-regulating)

- Managing & Entertaining (self-regulating – learning)

- Conversing (learning – learning)

- markup language that describes the data output of sensors and actuators

- supports addition of context

- abstraction of data structures

-allows for the handling of data bits in meaningful manners

- the abstraction of actions

- use of subprograms and control flows to simulate desired concepts of surreal features or interactions

“ese ne tekrema” – “the teeth and the tongue” – Adinkra symbol of friendship and interdependence

The teeth and the tongue play interdependent roles in the mouth.  They may come into conflict, but they need to work together.  Without the other, one cannot function properly.

Adinkra symbols are used to express the connection between the verbal and the visual in Akan culture.  The Akan believe that human creativity affects the universe positively or negatively.  In essence, the Akan believe the universe is both a natural and social creation.

I thought this was very interesting given that the premise is to look at both environment (natural) and cultural (social) data, how these construct, or can be used to construct, space (work together) while trying to find a language (verbal) that can be used for design (visual). 

- ecology

- social and cultural forces